I did a thing. Thing is entirely wrong? Thing is entirely ok? It ain't academic that's for sure.
| Rust | Zig |
|---|---|
| Nominal typing (mostly*) | Nominal typing (mostly*) |
(Compares the identities (via names)) |
struct A{}; struct B{}; A != B |
Are these apples the exact same apples? |
|
| Primitive types | |
bool u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128 f32, f64 usize, isize char, str ! // never |
bool u<bit width>, i<bit width> f16, f32, f64, f80, f128 usize, isize u8, []u8 noreturn |
| Sequence types | |
| Tuples | |
() (Type, ...) |
struct {}
struct {Type, ...}
|
| Arrays | |
[Type; length] // stack [Type] // heap Vec<T> // heap resizable &[Type] // slice |
[length]Type []Type = allocator.alloc(Type, length) ArrayList(Type) []Type |
| User-defined types | |
| Structs | |
struct Name // unit
struct Name(Type, ...) // tuple struct
struct Name { prop1: Type, ... } // struct
|
const Name = struct {}
const Name = struct {Type, ...}
const Name = struct { prop1: Type, ...}
|
| Enums | |
enum Name { Value1, ... }
enum Name { Value1(Type, ...), ... }
enum Name { Value1 { prop1: Type, ... }, ... }
// match <enum> {...} is exhaustive
|
const Name = enum { Value1, ... }
const Name = union(enum) { Value1: Type, ... }
const Name = union(enum) { Value1: Type, ... }
// switch (enum/union) {...} is exhaustive
|
| Unions | |
union Name { prop1: Type, ... }
// accesses are always unsafe { ... }!
|
const Name = union { prop1: Type, ... }
// compile-time union access checking!
|
| Function types | |
fn(Type, ...) -> Type |
*const fn (Type, ...) Type |
| Pointer types | |
&Type // immutable ref / "shared ref" &mut Type // mutable ref / "unique ref" *const Type // immutable raw pointer *mut Type // mutable raw pointer |
*const Type *Type [*]const Type [*]Type |
| Trait types | |
impl Trait |
// no comparison
|
| Type system power | |
Turing complete (type language gymnastics) |
Turing complete (comptime) |
* both of these languages primarily use nominal type systems, but there are similar certain scenarios where structural typing can be used.